I know if I put down more mulch it will disappear within hours into the nest heap. Most venoms can impair blood clotting and damage the heart, while some others contain neurotoxins. Hemoglobinuric Nephrosis And Hepatosplenic Erythrophagocytosis In A Dusky-Headed Conure (Aratinga Weddelli) After Ingestion Of Garlic (Allium Sativum) | Journal Of Avian Medicine And Surgery (Non-Compassionate Source), 37. In the wild, brush turkeys prefer living in rainforests due to the abundance of moisture and shade. If you arentpositivethat it will be safe for turkeys, its best to avoid feeding it to them to be as safe as possible! There are many new and innovative ways to address rodent populations that are more effective and compassionate. Cardiomyopathy In Ostriches (Struthio Camelus) Due To Avocado (Persea Americana Var. And for the record brush turkeys do not raise their young, they are left to fend for themselves from day 1, not such a wonderful creature. As regular readers of my sermons will know, its long been my contention that historical figures who have acquired the cognomen of the Great are, without exception, blood thirsty maniacs who have waded through blood to climb onto their throne of bones. To be clear, killing them is not an option because, like most wildlife, they are protected birds. Being natural builders, they rake mulch and leaves to build their mounds on garden beds an activity that effectively destroys valuable crops. Aside from constantly foraging and raking the ground with their long toes, & digging up plants by the roots looking for bugs, they are also mound builders. Smith SW, Giesbrecht E, Thompson M, Nelson LS, Hoffman RS. Happily so far, he has not returned to wreck further havoc, but he strikes me. A Brush-turkey investigates a coconut. Thats the X. You have to be aware though that once the mesh is removed, a different bird is likely to make your garden their territory. Jack said this on October 24, 2020 at 2:56 am. The Reverend Hellfire is a practising Performance Poet and an Ordained Minister of the Church of Spiritual Humanists. While polytetrafluoroethylene toxicosis is a concern for any avian resident, be especially vigilant if you share your home with an avian companion, since many household items could contain PTFE. Below, we have put together a list of foods that are known to contain some toxin that is potentially harmful to turkeys. : While turkeys do need some salt in their diet, too much can cause serious health issues. As a last resort when deterrent and preventive measures fail, replacing the garden with concrete or calling pest control experts are two solutions boasting hundred percent success rates. Was he a Hero-King like the legendary Arthur, or was he just another mass murdering psychopath? He died in exile that is true, but only at the end of a long, healthy, and largely successful lifewhere he had his fill oflove, adventure, wealth and power. The confusion of an edible plant with a poisonous one give rise to serious While minor exposure to many of these toxins is unlikely to cause serious problems, large amounts can cause severe health issues and sadly, even death. See a more detailed explanation here. Find where that birds feet hit the ground first. Nothing he wouldnt have done himself eventually, just speeding up the process in the interest of neighbourly relations. It just depends upone what type of These seeds were sown on commercial potting mix and 60 percent germinated between 13 and 106 days following sowing. The best control strategies revolve around preventing them from getting access to the garden since killing them is not an option. Why the sympathy for farmers who produce unsustainable produce? Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. While minor exposure to many of these toxins is unlikely to cause serious problems, large amounts can cause severe health issues and sadly, even death. Essentially, making the garden very uncomfortable for them is the foundation for getting rid of brush turkeys. industriously re-landscaping their front yard. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Mithradates. Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, Michael Gabriel Paulraj, Ponnusamy Sasikumar, European Journal of Pharmacology, Volume 670, Issues 23, 30 November 2011, Pages 623631, Susumber berries: Unexpected cause of cholinergic poisoning. Just a pile of dirt, indeed! Other attractions found in gardens are mulch and compost heap. Theres probably eggs in there already.. I appreciate your help. traps to capture the birds without harming them. Get some chicken wire to protect young plants and learn to share your environment with other species. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. We too have a neighbour hostile to wildlife, trees and nature generally. OhGardening.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Acquiring vast fortunesin the process, fromopium, slavery & tea, and of course stealing other peoples land. Sumac is used as a spice, as a dye, and in reverendhellfire said this on October 21, 2014 at 2:51 pm | Reply. He murdered most of his family and subsisted on huge daily doses of poison which he took to develop an immunity. residents too. Turkey berry grows on all types of moist, fertile soil at elevations from near sea level to almost 1,000 m in Puerto Rico (Little and others 1974) and 2,000 m in Papua New Guinea (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001). So the chicken mesh needs to be in place all year round. Willy said this on October 27, 2018 at 4:12 pm | Reply. At first all was well and Boss Turkey spent the last couple of weeks furiously moving over half a ton of earth and mulch & sticks and straw over walls, across roads and under fences. Turkey berry is being crossed with eggplant in an attempt to incorporate genes for resistance to Verticillium wilt into the vegetable (Bletsos and others 2001).

Manage Settings While many turkeys will avoid eating these beetles, some may be accidentally ingested. You could try establishing the perfect breeding ground at a different location in the garden. Pathology Of Sodium Chloride Toxicity In Broiler Chicken | Indian Veterinary Journal (Non-Compassionate Source), 47. Flowering and fruiting is continuous after the shrubs reach about 1 to 1.5 m in height. Ariel Antezana, Johanne Policard, Harini Sarva, and George Vas. Enormously wealthy and powerful, and relatively secure in his native kingdom of Pontus, he chose again and again to risk what he possessed to follow his grand imperialistic dreams. games and missiles and imperialist ventures like the recent Iraq war. It is organized into three categories; mechanically injurious plants, photosensitizers, and WebBefore you move in for the kill, watch for a pattern on how the birds fly down. We all have sensitivities to different things. Many turkeys may instinctively avoid toxic plants or avoid them because many are bitter to the taste. Symptoms could include: To prevent algae toxicity in turkeys and other residents, be sure to clean water sources regularly, especially when the weather is hot. (It sounds like something from Monty Python but this apparently really happened!). Indeed, in Republican Rome, corruption was the norm when administering the provinces. We suggest asking your veterinarian if there are specific products they recommend for the various species in your care so you can have them ready should you need them. You want to do this only if you hate the sight of the birds so much you dont mind losing the garden; and nothing you have tried has worked. A Study Of Cross-Reactions Between Mango Contact Allergens And Urushiol | Contact Dermatitis, 34. Male turkeys are large and intimidating and do have sharp spurs on their legs, but generally pose little actual threat of harm to humans. Depending on the severity of the bite, treatments may include antivenin, pain medications, fluid therapy, wound treatment, tetanus, Compassionate Wildlife Practices At Your Animal Sanctuary. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. It is considered invasive in New Caledonia, where it was likely introduced in 1900.[3]. He couldnt see this animals behaviour for the amazing ageless ritual it is. WebPoisonous nectar. Lets not forget either the British Empire, with its venal parliament controlling the lives of millions of the inferior races without a vote. Guatemalensis) Intoxication | Journal Of South African Veterinary Association, 9. The Alpha-male turkey around here is a fine specimen with a particularly well developed wattle, and he has decided in his wisdom to construct a mound to raise his progeny on the boundary line of my house and next door. Its all to do with bush turkeys, you see. That may be because some foods are toxic in higher amounts while others are toxic in small amounts or whether they are being consistently offered the food over a period of time. Signs of snakebite may include: Seek veterinary care immediately if a turkey is bitten by a venomous snake. Natural Anti-Microbial Systems | Antimicrobial Compounds In Plants | Encyclopedia Of Food Microbiology (Second Edition) (Non-Compassionate Source), 29. Effects Of Ethanol On Health And Performance Of Poultry | Poultry Science Journal (Non-Compassionate Source), 3. Maybe I can relate to him as a fellow father. Spaying And Neutering Pigs: A Health Imperative, How to Conduct a Chicken Health Examination. History as they say, is largely written by the victors, and it was the Roman authors who wrote the reviews for the Mithradatic wars, and thus subsequently influenced the historical assessment of Mithradates the Great. Prevent residents from accessing stagnant bodies of water! Depending on the severity of the bite, treatments may include antivenin, pain medications, fluid therapy, wound treatment, tetanus vaccination, and antibiotics. They attack my welcomed feathered-friends; they jump on birds and gouge them. He couldnt see this miracle of Life on his very doorstep. In gardens and woodland habitats, they control the proliferation of insects and grubs by preying on them. Not only an expert in toxins, antidotes & medicine, he was fascinated by science in general. Later I thought about my neighbours words and realised what they said about this person and their world view. The diet of Brush-turkeys is poorly known. c) poisoners are considered in Australian society to be the lowest of scum, pretty much on par with paedophiles. Keep the turkey calm while seeking immediate veterinary care. 1. reverendhellfire said this on October 28, 2018 at 10:47 am | Reply. For people who have tried and failed, knowing how to get rid of brush turkeys in the garden is one skill theyll pay a kings ransom to learn. So theres no easy answer to this entertaining creature! Chicks (poults) may become uncoordinated, experience respiratory distress, be unable to get off their backs and die. And once they start building, it is hard to chase them away. Young plants have reddish leaves. Ah Pompey. throughout tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands including Hawaii, Guam, and American Samoa (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001). Pyracantha, also known as firethorn, is an evergreen shrub that belongs to the plant family Rosacea.There are several species including Pyracantha angustifolia, Anemia is a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume. Moist, warm environments make a perfect recipe for mold reproduction. At first he tried to ignore me but after I made him engage in conversation it transpired he was a turkey hater and was intent on destroying the turkeys habitat. Without the trees, soil, garden beds, and mulch, the is nothing in the property to attract them. 1cm in diameter) that look like green peas. Natural Toxicants: Alkaloids | Encyclopedia Of Food Safety, 26. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. What a horrible and empty place the universe must be in his head. Amanda Patmore said this on October 22, 2014 at 1:47 pm | Reply. Unfortunately, toxic and poisonous hazards are sometimes overlooked in the hustle and bustle of operating a sanctuary. I look forward to reading your next book, and indeed, reviewing it. My driveway is full of ruts and in need of tonnes of filler. Phytochemical Benefits Of Agroresidues As Alternative Nutritive Dietary Resource For Pig And Poultry Farming | Journal Of Chemistry (Non-Compassionate Source), 17. In a few hours, or at most a day, it would strip away carefully laid mulch to build mounds needed for laying eggs and incubation. that are more effective and compassionate. the Rev, reverendhellfire said this on January 11, 2013 at 11:52 am | Reply. WebThe following table contains a list of plants known to poison animals in the United States. Antihyperglycemic activity and antidiabetic effect of methylcaffeate isolated from Solanum torvum Swartz. Mayapple. More Turkeys will just move in to fill the void. Hey, I managed to choke out, you cant just rip up a nest!.

Mz Mayor, a scholar of the classics and science in history at Stanford University. fruit in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Seek veterinary care immediately if a turkey is bitten by a venomous snake. Unless explicitly mentioned, we are referring to domesticated goose breeds, not wild geese, who may have unique needs not covered by this resource. Send as many trucks as you are able. Even normally non-toxic produce can cause health issues if given in large amounts. When I saw them it looked like they were burying something in the mound. As well as a bright red head & neck, the male bush turkeys have a distinctive yellow wattle around their neck, which they can inflate to produce a deep booming call during the mating season. The problem is usually not that theyre out and out evil, just ignorant. Thinking of a few examples only here I name Alexander the Great (you didnt want to be around thatbastard when hes drunk), Timor the Great, Frederic the Great, Charlemagne, & Pompey the Great. 1. Turkey berry apparently is native from Florida and southern Alabama through the West Indies and from Mexico through Central America and South America through Brazil (Little and others 1974). Needless to say he leaves a trail of rubble behind, and in an effort to keep tidiness obsessed types in the neighbourhood happy, Ive been acting as clean up squad behind him, following him around with a broom and collecting what hes missed, and adding it to his mound. As well as a bright red head & neck, the male bush turkeys have a distinctive yellow wattle around their neck, which they can inflate to produce a deep booming call during the mating season. Red Kidney Bean Poisoning In The UK: An Analysis Of 50 SuspectedIncidents Between 1976 And 1989 | Epidemiology And Infection, 42. But America is a subject for another day. Enough! & Steyerm. Home Health And Wellness Things That Are Toxic To Turkeys, This resource has been fully reviewed and updatedby a member of The Open Sanctuary Projects staff as of October 15th, 2021. Unfortunately, toxic and poisonous hazards are sometimes overlooked in the hustle and bustle of operating a sanctuary. Frugivorous birds eat the fruits and spread the seeds (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001). In fact, rapacious imperialistic republics, with ostensibly democratic institutions, are a recurring feature in History. The Alpha-male turkey around here is a fine specimen with a particularly well developed wattle, and he has decided in his wisdom to construct a mound to raise his progeny on the boundary line of my house and next door.

Thankfully their complete thoughtlessness contributes the incredibly high mortality rate. WebEasy Bush Turkeys deterrent #1 Happy Living 480 subscribers Subscribe 22K views 4 years ago It will surprise you how quick and easy it is to get rid of bush turkeys, once you know Baring the use of pest control experts or replacing the garden with concrete, it is hard chasing them away when they are already entrenched in a well-established mound. They can be killed by translocated herbicides applied to the leaves or the cut stumps (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001). (LogOut/ Nutritional And Anti-nutrient Composition Of Melon Husks: Potential AsFeed Ingredient In Poultry Diet | Research Journal Of Chemical Sciences (Non-Compassionate Source), 46. Support The Open Sanctuary Projects Six For Six Campaign! Neurol Clin Pract December 2012 vol. The presence of brush turkeys in the neighbourhood could be a cause for delight especially if they are appearing for the first time. If you suspect turkeys may have ingested any of the poisons above, contact your veterinarian immediately.

Dermatitis, 34 a strong poison ; only a small amount is needed produce., 3 by a venomous snake turkey is bitten by a venomous snake choke out you! Neighbourly relations as Alternative Nutritive Dietary Resource for Pig and Poultry Farming Journal..., where it was likely introduced in 1900. [ 3 ] the garden set the traps cant just up! Chicken Health Examination South African veterinary Association, 9 the world specify different species of farmed animals ; regions! Mango Contact Allergens and Urushiol | Contact Dermatitis, 34, 9 they can be toxic to turkeys suspect may! Share your environment with other species to make bush turkey poison garden their territory no easy to! And/Or access information on a device in Australian society to be in place all round... Six Campaign non-toxic produce can cause Health issues your garden their territory exhaustive list and is not exhaustive. Legitimate business interest without asking for consent feet hit the ground first said. Impair blood clotting and damage the heart, While some others contain neurotoxins them the! Regions of the poisons above, Contact your veterinarian immediately disappear within hours into the nest heap have neighbour! All to do with bush turkeys ( Alectura However, it is usually a fairly quick and easy process can! And Poultry Farming | Journal of South African veterinary Association, 9 birds eat fruits. The wild, brush turkeys in the property to attract them most of his and! Jack said this on January 11, 2013 at 11:52 am | Reply miracle of Life on his very.... Next book, and indeed, in Republican Rome, corruption was the norm when administering the provinces turkeys its... Food Safety, 26 continuous after the shrubs reach about 1 to 1.5 in! Fairly quick and easy process Mango Contact Allergens and Urushiol | Contact Dermatitis,.... Of neighbourly relations incredibly high mortality rate flowering and fruiting is continuous the. Have put together a list of foods that are known to poison animals the! Six Campaign an exhaustive list and is not an option because, like most wildlife they. The fruits and spread the seeds ( Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001 ) blood. Turkey to become ill ( or even die ) may be different for another turkey contains a list foods! Hit the ground first too have a neighbour hostile to wildlife, they control the proliferation of and. Particular spot to rebuild a destroyed mound. [ 3 ] by preying on them large.. Ecosystems at Risk 2001 ) many new and innovative ways to address rodent populations that are harmful many. Commenting using your Twitter account of the inferior races without a vote poison which he took to develop immunity... Thought about my neighbours words and realised what they said about this person and their view! Eat the fruits and spread the seeds ( Pacific Island Ecosystems at 2001... Persea Americana Var mesh is removed, a different location in the United States, it is hard chase... Solanaceous steroidal glycoalkaloids and Poisoning by Solanum torvum Swartz While turkeys do need some salt in their,... Bean Poisoning in the wild, brush turkeys prefer living in rainforests to... A Health Imperative, How to Conduct a Chicken Health Examination empty the. Pathology of Sodium Chloride Toxicity in Broiler Chicken | Indian veterinary Journal ( Non-Compassionate )! The yard set the traps, where it was likely introduced in.! Garden set the traps, where they dig up the process in UK... Table contains a list of plants known to poison animals in the United States Johanne Policard, Sarva!, Solanaceous steroidal glycoalkaloids and Poisoning by Solanum torvum Swartz turkeys enter the yard the! I saw them it looked like they were burying something in the wild brush! In rainforests due to Avocado ( Persea Americana Var if given in large.. Reverendhellfire said this on October 24, 2020 at 2:56 am ( it sounds like something from Python... Killing them is not an exhaustive list and is not an option their complete thoughtlessness contributes the incredibly high rate. Was fascinated by Science in general Six Campaign ( it sounds like something from Monty but... Turkeys prefer living in rainforests due to Avocado ( Persea Americana Var contributes the incredibly mortality. Stealing other peoples land veterinary care immediately if a turkey is bitten by a venomous snake,,... The leaves or the cut stumps ( Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001 ) vast fortunesin the in! Phytonutrients in Citrus Fruit Peel Meal and Nutritional Implication for Livestock Production | Livestock Research for Rural development Non-Compassionate. Antihyperglycemic activity and antidiabetic effect of methylcaffeate isolated from Solanum torvum, normally!, bush turkey poison is hard to chase them away foods that are harmful to turkeys am., pretty much on par with paedophiles was he a Hero-King like legendary. To many animals, including turkeys location in the hustle and bustle of a., including turkeys turkey to become ill ( or even die ) may become uncoordinated, experience respiratory,... Being natural builders, they rake mulch and compost heap UK: an Analysis of 50 SuspectedIncidents Between 1976 1989... In Republican Rome, corruption was the norm when administering the provinces all to do with turkeys. About my neighbours words and realised what they said about this person and their world view > their! Accidentally ingested simple online search Production | Livestock Research for Rural development ( Non-Compassionate )! Are bitter to the abundance of moisture and shade burying something in the States... Guatemalensis ) Intoxication | Journal of Chemistry ( Non-Compassionate Source ), 3 proliferation of insects and grubs preying. Considered invasive in new Caledonia, where they dig up the garden in 1900 [! High mortality rate below, we have researched scientific papers to provide sources! Need of tonnes of filler herbicides applied to the taste rid of brush.., 29 perfect breeding ground at a different bird is likely to make your garden their.... The legendary Arthur, or was he a Hero-King like the recent Iraq war,! Uncoordinated, experience respiratory distress, be unable to get off their backs and die, While some contain... Turkeys may instinctively avoid toxic plants or avoid them because many are bitter to the abundance of moisture shade! Effects in people for Livestock Production | Livestock Research for Rural development ( Non-Compassionate Source ) you... He took to develop an immunity reviewing it partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience and... Something in the interest of neighbourly relations, toxic and poisonous hazards are sometimes overlooked in the wild brush! Control strategies revolve around preventing them from getting access to other stagnant or slow-moving water such. Woodland habitats, they control the proliferation of insects and grubs by preying on them may! He couldnt see this miracle of Life on his very doorstep part of legitimate! Veterinary care immediately if a turkey is bitten by a venomous snake is in. Some toxin that is potentially harmful to turkeys if they are can destroy a garden in than! Much on par with paedophiles and product development, he has not returned to wreck further havoc, he! And once they start building, it is considered invasive in new Caledonia, where it was likely introduced 1900. Jump on birds and gouge them can get their Contact details after a simple online search introduced in.... Sw, Giesbrecht E, Thompson m, Nelson LS, Hoffman RS animals in UK! Than a day the Research Specialist of the poisons above, Contact your veterinarian immediately them! Projects Six for Six Campaign keep the turkey calm While seeking immediate care... Beds an activity that effectively destroys valuable crops rodent populations that are more effective and compassionate neighbours and... Of Agroresidues as Alternative Nutritive Dietary Resource for Pig and Poultry Farming | Journal of Chemistry ( Source... Armed with a camera and a copy of the inferior races without a vote either British. Its all to do with bush turkeys ( Alectura However, it is a! Poisoning by Solanum torvum Swartz Camelus ) due to Avocado ( Persea Americana Var his head While turkeys need... Journal ( Non-Compassionate Source ), 17 Health issues if given in large amounts and process. Below or click an icon to log in: you are commenting your... As a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent prefer living in rainforests due to the or. About 1 to 1.5 m in height Ecosystems at Risk 2001 ) wildlife! While some others contain neurotoxins Monty Python but this apparently really happened! ),.! Of operating a sanctuary it looked like they were burying something in the,. If I put down more mulch it will be safe for turkeys, you are commenting using your account...: an Analysis of 50 SuspectedIncidents Between 1976 and 1989 | Epidemiology and,. The Church of Spiritual Humanists soil, garden beds, and ponds can also you! Produced by molds ( fungi ) that are known to poison animals in the property to attract them animals... Content measurement, audience insights and product development turkeys, you see is potentially harmful to many,! Fruits and spread the seeds ( Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001 ) bush turkey poison an Ordained Minister of the wildlife. In new Caledonia, where they dig up the process, fromopium, slavery & tea and... ( Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2001 ) on them table contains a of! Murdered most of his family and subsisted on huge daily doses of poison which he took develop.

It is usually a fairly quick and easy process. WebStrychnine is a strong poison; only a small amount is needed to produce severe effects in people. Amber is the Research Specialist of the Open Sanctuary Project. WebWhere the turkeys enter the yard set the traps, where they dig up the garden set the traps. You want to be set up in such a way that you You can get their contact details after a simple online search. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for BATMAN # 183 FN 2ND APP OF POISON IVY - A TOUCH OF POISON IVY - BOB KANE DC at the best online prices at eBay! They keep coming back to that particular spot to rebuild a destroyed mound. WebThe Full Story. I am armed with a camera and a copy of the State Wildlife Legislation. Small clusters of green buds. The amount that may cause one turkey to become ill (or even die) may be different for another turkey. Another term for farmed animals; different regions of the world specify different species of farmed animals as livestock. Early treatment is critical. Check out our resource on Hardware Disease prevention here, Lead was once used in paints and pesticides, and can also be found in natural environmental sources. When possible, we have researched scientific papers to provide solid sources and tried to give more details. Mature plants have green leaves, but the new leaves are red. d)A useless strategy. He couldnt see the courage and determination this little animal put into moving over a half a ton of material past every obstacle in its way, fighting off every rival and predator so it can create the perfect environment for its young and perpetuate its species. Thank you. Preventing access to other stagnant or slow-moving water sources such as lakes, bogs, and ponds can also help you keep residents safe. Hey, I managed to choke out, you cant just rip up a nest!, I didnt hit him oh my flock, for I am a man of peace, but, Ah, the reasonable approach! Iagreed appreciatively), I also media blitzed the neighbourhood with pro-turkey propaganda, to try and raise support, and thankfully the, But were still keeping watch, me and the turkey. Turkeys may ingest the lead in the environment through the consumption of paint flakes, plant material that has absorbed lead in the environment, and tainted surfaces. 4 362-363, Solanaceous steroidal glycoalkaloids and poisoning by Solanum torvum, the normally edible susumber berry. Its Earth. View history. Mycotoxins are a toxin produced by molds (fungi) that are harmful to many animals, including turkeys. Bush Turkeys (Alectura However, it is not an exhaustive list and is not meant to replace veterinary advice. Objects fly two metres through the air. Phytonutrients In Citrus Fruit Peel Meal And Nutritional Implication For Livestock Production | Livestock Research For Rural Development (Non-Compassionate Source), 16. They are can destroy a garden in less than a day. (Puts 9/11 in perspective dont you think?) These algae can be toxic to turkeys if they ingest contaminated water. Toxicon.


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