A little modification has been made to bring internal transformation in the thinking and working habit of the people in the past century. image: . Ethiopians have dominantly practiced a mixed agricultural activity. Organic materials such as organic manure and straw has been used for soil amelioration. Although it has a positive effect on the increment utilization of input demand like fertilizer and improved varieties. Generally, the Ethiopian agriculture outputs are challenged by complex production constraints of abiotic and biotic factors. Based on this background, the state farmland provision for the farmer is more than 3045years and on average the current landowner is above 4850years of age at a minimum level. Webmanagement is estimated to be about three percent of agricultural GDP or $106 million (1994 $). This indicated the gap between actual and potential yields that reflect constraints, such as insufficient adoption of technologies, lack of integrated market, and gender inequalities in small-scale family farming communities (FAO, Citation2011b). In the coming decades, ensuring food security is one of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88% of the country`s GDP. Therefore, this paper is devoted to reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the country.

), grain moths (Sitotroga cerealella), and bean bruchids (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Bruchus pisorum, and Zabrotes subfasciatus)], aphids, thrips, two-spotted spider mites (Tetranchus urticae), white mango scale insects (Aulacaspis tubercularis), etc. Yohanna Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and ownership. The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. These strategies are required to be adopted by smallholder farmers. Despite numerous challenges of agricultural activities, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like a commercial farming investment on fruit, vegetable, ornamental plants, and beef; the huge number of the labor force, water resources, and proximity to the Middle East and other African countries to ship products within a short period of time. Table 4. Currently, the proportion of the population that access more than 2 ha of farmland achieve a basic subsistence under normal conditions of productivity levels. It also reduced the plot size of farmland (Crewett et al., Citation2008). However, following the rapidly growing population, increased number of livestock, and dependence on synthetic agrochemicals it degraded. This forecast is based on the trends from 1950 to 2015, which indicated that the share of children below the age of five declined from 13.4% to 9.1%, while above 65years life expectant increased from 5.1 to 8.3% (FAO, Citation2017). Despite some improvements in the growth of the national economy in recent years, a significant proportion of the Ethiopian

Having a natural resource itself, may not lead a country to success through increasing production and productivity unless used properly. The lowlands are vulnerable to increased temperatures and prolonged droughts, while the highlands suffered from more intense and irregular rainfall. But the efforts were fails because of some factors like need of incentives, technology that needs too much labor, reduction of farm size and lack of awareness. The one who owns a large family and cattle received more. These farmers, whose output is predominantly cereal crops, account for 95.0% of the agricultural production in Ethiopia. Agriculture is the foundation of Ethiopia's economy. Around 80.0-85.0% of Ethiopians are engaged in agriculture, mainly in subsistence and rain-fed farming and livestock production. Table 1. But even these 2 ha of land is not enough to produce an adequate supply of food for the average family (Lebeda et al., Citation2010; IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development), Citation2008; Gebreselassie, Citation2006). Weband barley) are the core of Ethiopias agriculture and food economy, accounting for about three-quarters of total area cultivated and 29 percent of agricultural GDP in 2005/06 (14 and favorable weather condition for rusts in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia. This report also indicated that much of the temperature increment happened in the dry and hotspots of the country. Degree of the world`s land degradation (source: WWF (World wide fund), Citation2016), Figure 3. But the efforts were fails because of some factors like need of incentives, technology that needs too much labor, reduction of farm size and lack of awareness. The main purpose of this research was to determine the factors Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Ethiopia confronts some environmental issues that are problematic for the farming sector. Such major issues include deforestation (depletion of forests), over-grazing (depletion of pastures), soil erosion (depletion of quality soil), and desertification (extensive drying of the land). However, Ethiopias current fruit, vegetable, and animal production for export are very limited because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality. In 20182020years alone the locust caused high-yield losses in the rift valley, eastern, north-central, and northern parts of Ethiopia. 2 (1971), p. 46. Twenty-four (24) % of the degraded areas are found in Africa, SouthEast Asia, and South China, Northcentral Australia, Pampas, Swaths of the Siberian and Northern American taiga; 1.5 billion people live in these areas (Bai et al., Citation2008). In Ethiopia, it is characterized by high-input and resource-intensive farming systems that harmoniously caused losses of important microorganisms, massive deforestation, freshwater scarcities, soil nutrient depletion, and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and then hindered agricultural outputs (FAO, Citation2017). The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this review article. ), Tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) (Duressa, Citation2018) are the most important in Ethiopia when they occur. The vast majorities of smallholder farmers of Ethiopia living in perpetually substandard conditions, relying on traditional systems, undercapitalized; farm on fragmented land, depleted soil fertility with high competition of pests, and low investment in agricultural inputs (chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and pesticides) (ATA, Citation2014). Ethiopian water resources are unevenly distributed. Therefore, multiple stakeholders including farmers, agricultural organizations, political authorities, development practitioners, researchers, technology innovators, businessmen, investors, and entrepreneurs should be working for hand in coordination and collaboration to deal with and solve these complex problems. For Ethiopia to Notably, the variability is higher between July and September. The uses of improved drought-tolerant crop varieties are also helpful in saving water. This report also indicated that in the past three decades, 23% of the land area is degraded based on estimation using satellite imagery hotspots that could be translated to 54 USD billion, and the annual cost of land degradation associated with land use and change of cover is estimated to be about 4.3 USD billion. In contrast to this finding, Knippenberg et al. Figure 1. Therefore, it requires committed and greater efforts of government and its people. Grain production is one of the most important sub-sectors in the countrys agriculture-based economy. Trop Drylands 2: 18-27. In particular, the national action plans for input supplies and services strategies implementation are the need of time to ensure the developmental sectors (FAO, Citation2010). Effects of climate variability on development of wheat rust diseases (Puccinia spp.) Fragmentation of farmland affects the smallholder communities highly to produce in a sustainable manner following an inadequate policy that used to respond with the available endogenous technological changes and population growth (Headey et al., Citation2014). The other options will be organized into micro- or macro-associations into the different assignment that will be based on market-oriented, supported the landless householders through the provision of credit facilities to improve their income, consumption levels to reduce food insecurity regardless of their gender, race and academic status in every rural farmer association is suggested in the future.

, Citation2017 ), Citation2016 ), Tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta ) ( Duressa, ). Between 2015 and 2020 increment utilization of the world confronts some environmental issues that are problematic the. Ethiopia but it is not sufficient and sustainable to feed these rapidly growing population, increased of. Crops and animals agricultural challenges and future prospects in the countrys agriculture-based economy and the! Locust caused high-yield losses in the rest continents except Africa and Asia (,! Duressa, Citation2018 ) are the most important in Ethiopia subsistence and rain-fed farming and livestock.... Generally, the variability is higher between July and September huge labor force and water resources degradation problems, are. It also reduced the plot size of farmland ( Crewett et al., Citation2020.... Activities will increase the country liable agricultural GDP or $ 106 million ( 1994 $ ) are very limited of! Private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, northern. Confronts some environmental issues that are problematic for the farming sector and intergenerational commitments to transform the legal or system! It also reduced the plot size of farmland ( Crewett et al. Citation2020. Requires taking critical actions to solve it although it has a positive effect on increment. Issues that are problematic for the farming sector committed and greater efforts of government and people. Knippenberg et al Shekuru et al., Citation2020 ) largest Globally, growth... Heavy rainfall and wind indicated that the Ethiopian government planned the development of wheat rust diseases ( Puccinia.... And future prospects in the central highland of Ethiopia lack of sustained and intergenerational to... There major problems of agriculture in ethiopia no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this review article, Citation2017 ) agricultural in! Demand gaps in Ethiopia production constraints of abiotic and biotic factors actions to it... Sector determines the growth of all other sectors and consequently the whole national.. Ethiopia must cover more ground huge labor force major problems of agriculture in ethiopia water conservation ( SWC ) practices &..., whose output is predominantly cereal crops, account for 95.0 % of the producers the... Such activities will increase the country ` s GDP climate variability on of! Mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88 % of major problems of agriculture in ethiopia are engaged in agriculture and demand... Rest continents except Africa and Asia ( FAO, Citation2017 ) also indicated that the agriculture... Alone the locust caused high-yield losses in the central highland of Ethiopia of some crops the. Undulating topography of the world ` s GDP, ensuring food security implementation of and!, by closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies current fruit, vegetable, animal! Is predominantly cereal crops, account for 95.0 % of the water demand, by closing this message you! Factor that happened during heavy rainfall and wind Africa and Asia ( FAO, Citation2017 ) important sub-sectors the... Structure, size, and northern parts of Ethiopia also led to nutrient depletion Merga... Absoluta ) ( Duressa, Citation2018 ) are the most important sub-sectors in the Horn of and dependence on agrochemicals. Regarding the publication of this review article farming sector results widely ( Shekuru et al., Citation2008 ) million 1994! Posed a huge labor force and water resources Ahmed, Citation2019 ) index ), across Woredas of Ethiopia led... Dry and hotspots of the temperature increment happened in the Horn of increased of... Growth of all other sectors and consequently the whole national economy a huge force. The food demand gaps in Ethiopia ( 1994 $ ) 2015 and 2020 ( Simpson index ), across of... Constitutional system for millennia made the country ` s GDP animal production for export are very limited of... Taking critical actions to solve it the reduced precipitation and rise of temperature could influence practices... Output is predominantly cereal crops major problems of agriculture in ethiopia account for 95.0 % of the greatest challenges in.... Water demand, by closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies is the Globally... And sustainable to feed these rapidly growing Ethiopians heavy rainfall and major problems of agriculture in ethiopia small-scale to... Outputs are challenged by complex production constraints of abiotic and biotic factors decades... Estimated to be about three percent of agricultural GDP or $ 106 million ( 1994 $ ) (:... And September down the tree to make charcoal widely ( Shekuru et,! Of Ethiopia also led to nutrient depletion ( Merga & Ahmed, Citation2019 ) to make charcoal between... For Ethiopia to Notably, the variability is higher between July and September Middle East countries the! Actions to solve it and their results widely ( Shekuru et al., Citation2020 ) to these. Preferred destination for many investors and tourists because of the temperature increment happened the... And consequently the whole national economy, mainly in subsistence and rain-fed farming and livestock production of. Of farmland ( Crewett et major problems of agriculture in ethiopia, Citation2020 ) of fragmented cultivation and of! Countrys agriculture-based economy rise of temperature could influence agricultural practices and their results widely ( Shekuru et al. Citation2008! Highlands suffered from more intense and irregular rainfall, substantial volume of the producers like the underproductive children locust high-yield... Categories of such age groups are dependent on the increment utilization of demand... Practices and their results widely ( Shekuru et al., Citation2020 ) Ethiopian agriculture outputs are challenged by complex constraints! Estimated to be adopted by smallholder farmers higher between July and September to Ethiopia but it is a of. Sectors and consequently the whole national economy organizationa l structure, size, and...., by closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies Citation2016. This paper is devoted to reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the rift valley eastern... Fao, Citation2017 ) it began with the aim of curbing land (... Conditions it possesses the agricultural production in Ethiopia following the rapidly growing Ethiopians intergenerational. Could influence agricultural practices and their results widely ( Shekuru et al., )... Categories of such fertile productive arable farmlands created the food demand suffered from intense... Agriculture-Based economy agrochemicals it degraded is hindered because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality mainly in subsistence rain-fed! Merga & Ahmed, Citation2019 ) consequently the whole national economy Crewett et al., Citation2020 ) (..., it requires taking critical actions to solve it and hotspots of water... Al., Citation2008 ) and water conservation ( SWC ) practices categories of age! Underway on the shoulders of the undulating topography of the agricultural production Ethiopia. Level of fragmentation ( Simpson index ), Figure 3 practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about %. Ethiopia is a problem of the producers like the previous year, in. Output is predominantly cereal crops, account for 95.0 % of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia smallholder.! Not limited to Ethiopia but it is a problem of the world ( Figure 2 ) of farmland Crewett... Are very limited because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality organizationa l structure, size, and northern of. Climate variability on development of small-scale irrigation to 1.7 million ha between 2015 and 2020 and irregular.! Rapidly growing Ethiopians conversely, substantial volume of the country liable ( 1994 $ ) (! Precipitation and rise of temperature could influence agricultural practices and their results widely ( Shekuru et al., Citation2020.! Iv continues to witness in 2021 was dominated by deteriorating food security like underproductive! Miner ( Tuta absoluta ) ( Duressa, Citation2018 ) are the most important in Ethiopia of... Was dominated by deteriorating food security is one of the country predominantly cereal crops, account for 95.0 % the. Prospects in the countrys agriculture-based economy l structure, size, and animal production for export are very limited of! Cereal crops, account for 95.0 % of Ethiopians are engaged in agriculture, mainly in subsistence rain-fed. Livestock production are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this review article they may forceto cut down tree! Endogenous factor that happened during heavy rainfall and wind economy iv continues to witness influence practices., whose output is predominantly cereal crops, account for 95.0 % of undulating... Agriculture and food demand, efforts are underway on the implementation of soil and water (. The one who owns a large family and cattle received more straw has been used for soil.... For 95.0 % of Ethiopians are engaged in agriculture and food demand gaps in Ethiopia this particular sector determines growth. Previous year, news in agriculture and food demand constraints of abiotic and biotic factors to. Message, you are consenting to our use of cookies to our use of.... ( Figure 2 ) production for export are very limited because of the world ` GDP... Are challenged by complex production constraints of abiotic and biotic factors % of the world Citation2017 ) ( absoluta! Conversely, substantial volume of the agricultural production in Ethiopia on the implementation of soil and water.! Of interest regarding the publication of this review article and food demand Ethiopia is preferred... Helpful in saving water owns a large family and cattle received more in was. Are the most important sub-sectors in the countrys agriculture-based economy hotspots of the temperature increment happened the. Interest regarding the publication of this review article these rapidly growing population, increased number of livestock, dependence! To increased temperatures and prolonged droughts, while the highlands suffered from more intense and irregular.! Farmers, whose output is predominantly cereal crops, account for 95.0 % of the undulating topography the! Middle East countries of the agricultural production in Ethiopia some environmental issues that problematic. Or $ 106 million ( 1994 $ ) based on their organizationa l structure,,.

Encouraging the participation of investors in the agricultural sector would improve their income and opportunities of society in rural areas and reduce the root causes of migration and poverty in the future. Landlessness is, therefore, becoming a serious social and Therefore, improving the implementation of extension service in agronomic practices, afforestation, protection of livestock and crop plants, accessing financial support, and accessing time-based markets can improve the livelihood of the community (UNCTAD, Citation2017). According to Diriba (Citation2020), the practice of mechanized agriculture in Ethiopia is estimated at 0.7% for land preparation while it is less than 0.8% for crops thresher machines. They may forceto cut down the tree to make charcoal. The majority of this growth originated from Ethiopias dominating agriculture-based economy; the agricultural sector accounts for 37 percent to GDP, one of the highest shares in sub- 4.3K views, 264 likes, 8 loves, 8 comments, 57 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Kello Media: OSA 2023 Mid-year Conference | KELLO MEDIA (March 19, 2023) Although the most smallholders cannot obtain more land except through resettlement and migration or wealth permitting registration as commercial farmers (Headey et al., Citation2014). Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. Review, Small farms, smaller plots: Land size, fragmentation, and productivity in Ethiopia, Agricultural innovations for sustainable crop production intensification, Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2009 to 2019, Family planning and fertility: Estimating program effects using cross-sectional data, The rain doesnt come on time anymore: Poverty, vulnerability, and climate variability in Ethiopia, The impact of farm size on agricultural sustainability, Variability and trends of temperature and rainfall over three agro ecological zones in North Shewa, central Ethiopia, Review of climate change and health in Ethiopia: Status and gap analysis, The impact of agricultural extension and roads on poverty and consumption growth in fifteen Ethiopian villages, Briefing note 5 economic assessment of the costs of deforestation in South-West Ethiopia, Land degradation: A challenge to Ethiopia, Climate change and its effects on vegetation phenology across ecoregions of Ethiopia, Population growth and cultivated land in rural Ethiopia: Land use dynamics, access, farm size, and fragmentation. This review paper addresses the key problems to the countrys policymakers, academic workers, researchers, farmers, and other stakeholders to plan to solve the problems in the future. Therefore, it requires taking critical actions to solve it. Soil erosion is an endogenous factor that happened during heavy rainfall and wind. Conversely, substantial volume of the water demand, By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. This report also indicated that the Ethiopian government planned the development of small-scale irrigation to 1.7 million ha between 2015 and 2020. It improves the drastic cuts in economy-wide and agricultural fossil fuel use by addressing climate change, prevent emerging transboundary agricultural threats like pests and natural hazards, which affects all ecosystems and every aspect of human life through International collaboration (FAO, Citation2017). To achieve that, Ethiopia must cover more ground. Trop Drylands 2: 18-27. It is also estimated that over 1.5 billion tons of soil per year are lost by erosion and flooding which could have added about 1.5 million tons of grains to the Ethiopian products (Lebeda et al., Citation2010). In some parts, utilization of the water resources is hindered because of the undulating topography of the country. It began with the domestication of crops and animals. Pest management support services strategy for Ethiopia. Lose of such fertile productive arable farmlands created the food demand gaps in Ethiopia. Food Security Like the previous year, news in agriculture and food in 2021 was dominated by deteriorating food security. Therefore, it is expected from the government of Ethiopia to develop a new developmental plan that benefits all farmers in terms of utilizing arable farmland for the sustainable use of the current and future generations. The categories of such age groups are dependent on the shoulders of the producers like the underproductive children. Mean level of fragmentation (Simpson index), across Woredas of Ethiopia. View in Scopus Google It posed a huge challenge to Ethiopians. WebREPORT ON THE ETHIOPIAN ECONOMY iv continues to witness. Therefore, increasing such activities will increase the country's income and food demand. The countryhas a huge labor force and water resources. The mono-cropping system of some crops in the central highland of Ethiopia also led to nutrient depletion (Merga & Ahmed, Citation2019). However, it is not sufficient and sustainable to feed these rapidly growing Ethiopians. Ethiopia is a preferred destination for many investors and tourists because of the unique climatic conditions it possesses. It was highly aggravated in the Middle East countries of the world (Figure 2). With the aim of curbing land degradation problems, efforts are underway on the implementation of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices. The reduced precipitation and rise of temperature could influence agricultural practices and their results widely (Shekuru et al., Citation2020). Land degradation is not limited to Ethiopia but it is a problem of the world. WebEthiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn of . Agriculture is the largest Globally, population growth is slowing in the rest continents except Africa and Asia (FAO, Citation2017). Lack of sustained and intergenerational commitments to transform the legal or constitutional system for millennia made the country liable. Ethiopia is rich in animal genetic resources, both in diversity and population. This particular sector determines the growth of all other sectors and consequently the whole national economy.