Probation drug and alcohol testing programs vary across the United States. We provide reliable, court-ordered testing to meet legal requests. (See e.g., mandatory drug testing for drivers of commercial One argument yourattorneycan make on your behalf is to challenge the drug test results themselves. In most cases, your urine is used to test for these drugs. Civil Service Rule 2-7: Drug and Alcohol Testing - Civil Service Rules MDHHS Work Rule #19 MDHHS Departmental Work Rules Drug and Alcohol Testing Coordinator MDHHS 517-335-3521 or 517-241-3380; after-hours 517-388-0512. In some instances, you may need to provide your urine sample in the presence of a nurse or technician to make sure that the sample did indeed come from you. It improves the accuracy of the overall drug testing by reducing the risk of false-positive results (when someone tests positive for a drug even though they never used it). Addition of hair to the nest material did not increase predation rates in any of the three groups of nests when compared with nests without hair. This will depend on the type of drug you had in your system, how far into your probation you are, if youve had any prior violations, and what your original conviction was. No matter how nice your probation officer is, they are not your representation in front of a judge. The terms and conditions of these policies can vary by state and provider, but many will require employers to drug test employees (or offer discounts or incentives for employers that have a drug testing program). 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459334/), (https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/recreational-drugs-and-intoxicants/drug-testing/), (https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs-charts#mdma), (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557523/), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information.

The penalty is a class B misdemeanor. However, you should not just accept a failed drug test because false positives can occur. THC is also the compound commonly tested for in urine drug tests. Probation drug testing may include hair drug testing. A 10-panel test can cover amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine, opiates, marijuana (THC), and methadone, among others. Courts most often use urine, hair, breath, or blood to screen for drug and alcohol use. 2022 Drug and Alcohol Testing Compliance Services. Completing a drug or alcohol test is always quick and convenient. They usually pair for life and have a single brood each year. There are several outcomes from the probation hearing involving a violation of a drug test; here are a few: As you see, the consequences of failing a drug test during probation have several different outcomes. Thats why its a crucial factor in determining which parent gets custody rights. In such a situation, you will need to hire acriminal defense attorney near you. Drug tests use a biological sample to detect the presence of legal or illegal drugs. By having a lawyer represent you at the hearing, they will better argue for a lesser punishment in front of the judge. Hair testing provides nearly twice the number of positives due to its longer detection window, and its hard to adulterate the specimen. Because the federal government maintains that marijuana is a controlled substance with no medicinal value, most doctors are reluctant to prescribe it to patients for fear of having their prescription privileges revoked. It is nearly impossible to get away with cheating these days. How EtG Testing Works To "walk on egg shells" means that you are having to deal with someone or a situation in a sensitive manner. Doctors, sports officials, and many employers require these tests regularly. WebAdult Drug Testing COVID-19: Administrative Order Family Guidance Individuals placed on probation or Pretrial Supervision are required to submit to drug screens as directed by their Court Services Officer (CSO). The procedures for probation drug testing are usually a common practice in federal and county probation systems. Are you looking for more information about drug testing, a drug free workplace program, or compliance? Oral fluid specimens have a shorter detection period and produce higher positive results than urine or hair samples. What determines how often the test will occur is based on the crime you were convicted of and any suspicion of drug abuse by the probationer. New York has recently legalized MMJ, as mentioned above. Most tests are standard and cheap. There are several guides to nests and eggs. US Drug Test Centers is conveniently located in every city in the United States, with more than 20,000 locations. 9gag probation Several states have passed laws that make it illegal to use, possess, sale, manufacture or distribute fake pee. An individual is placed on parole and ordered to submit to random drug and/or alcohol testing. Body hair and toenails accumulate more biomarkers due to their slower growth rate, which in turn extends the detection window up to 12 months. They're the same weight and size as a large egg. Nesting season runs October through early June. Employment tests vary, but most of the time they either outsource their testing to a company that has strict guidelines for identifying adulteration, or they run their own program and probably put a lot of effort into making sure its not wasteful. Lice create a powerful glue with their saliva to attach lice eggs to, Principle Of Moments Questions And Answers Pdf. Several steps are used to check the presence of an illicit substance in urine. Place butter in large skillet. Some substance abuse programs or rehabilitation programs also use these test methods to monitor individuals throughout their treatment and to identify a potential relapse. The ethyl glucuronide (EtG) test is widely used to detect the presence in the urine of ethyl glucuronide. Web0 Likes, 0 Comments - Thi Trang Lily Phan (@matthuylily) on Instagram: "INN GOD WE TRUST GOD TEACH US TO LOVE EACH OTHER WITH ALL MY HEART .. Jeffery .." Urine drug testing (UDT) is the most common test for detecting drugs. A county parole officer will notify the individual (in various ways) that they must complete a drug test immediately. tumor sucre acide urique antigen probation taux montrent avez signes tumormarker medisite grossesse prises brustkrebs cannot The bottle comes with 14 doses of mouthwash, and the directions state to use one dose per hour before testing. The preferred hairstyle of bald men. Again, these devices are fairly easy to identify especially if the witness has been trained to catch people smuggling clean urine. A person on probation will face a zero tolerance policy and tampering with a urine sample will result in immediate jail time. After feeding and molting, it turns into an adult. Opioid use is limited by side effects, including significant risk of opioid use disorder. After seeing the damage caused by drug use first-hand, David sold his previous company and worked his way up through the ranks in the drug testing industry to help employers keep drugs and alcohol out of the workplace. Click. It can easily be detected in a drug test and a witness can negate peoples ability to defraud simpler tests. Emphasis is on theoretical and empirical work aimed at generalization and synthesis across taxa, systems and ecological disciplines. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. In most cases, a positive drug test result requires another test, known as a confirmatory test, to rule out a possible false-positive result. Probation departments drug-tested between 45% and 100% of their clients. One can be subject to tests that can have five panels or more. First offense is a misdemeanor, second offense is a, Missouri Representative Nate Tate has been presenting bills, Indianas Adulterant and Synthetic Urine Ban, North Carolina General Statutes 14-401.20. Once you agree to probation, you have committed to your probation officers visits at your home, work, the probationers office, or anywhere else they deem fit for the meeting to take place. Upon completion of the test, your probation officer will have you initial the sealed drug test and keep a chain of custody until it is delivered to a certified laboratory to determine results. Theres nothing you need to do to prepare for a drug test. It is a DOT position, but not tested for drugs through DOT at all. Predation rates differed between nests having feathers, hair or neither as nest lining material.

Two-thirds of respondents indicated that between 80% and 100% of probationers were drug tested each year (n=20). This product does not work for all saliva drug tests, but it works for most of them. In the case of probation drug testing, the probation officer may decide how often to drug test an individual based on the history of that person to maintain sober. Probation drug tests are used as a deterrent aimed at helping convicted individuals stay clean and sober. Harris County Probation Department Tackles Unnecessary Drug-Testing Problem. Copyright 1989-2022 Drug and Alcohol Testing Compliance Services. The court may see a reason to grant you a second chance. Ways To Pass A Drug Test is dedicated to helping you probation drug testing the right way. The Special Alternative Incarceration Program or Boot Camp, located at Turney Center Industrial Complex Annex in Wayne County, is a highly disciplined and structured program combining community service work, life skills and drug treatment. Immunoassay and (GC/MS) testing are used to perform several checks on urine. The real question is, are you willing to get caught? Drug test results are typically reported as positive or negative. Before you take on a probation hearing before the court, make sure you have representation, as it is your right inLouisiana. Nests are made of a structure of twigs and roots, lined with softer hair for insulation. Most fake urine available will pass on both cups because they are engineered to have perfect readings on most adulterant tests. More compliance usually results in fewer drug tests. Some kits may use breath, saliva or hair instead. A urine drug test can detect both illegal and prescription drugs in a persons system. The worst cases scenario involves your probation permanently suspended and you remanded to serve time. US Drug Test Centers has the tools, technology, and expertise to coordinate a random testing monitoring system to meet your screening requirements. The answer to whether Delta 9 will cause you to fail a urine test depends on several factors. DATCS DOES OVER 7,000 COURT ORDERED DRUG SCREENINGS AND ALCOHOL TESTS EVERY YEAR. Some laboratories will choose to screen urine specimens for ethyl sulfate (EtS), another biomarker that indicates recent alcohol use. If the witness isnt paying attention and you have taken measures to keep your fake pee warm enough to register at body temperature then you might get away with it. If you refuse or fail the test, the probation officer can request that your probation be revoked. But dont start stressing, this is not a problem if you are in the United States, as US Drug Test Centers operates testing centers in all across the country. Swallow nests are made out of mud pellets, hair, grass, and feathers. Probation officers regularly perform random drug testing during regular working hours or any time of the week and on weekends. If your Probation Officer is asking you to take a drug test, it is probably because random drug tests are a condition of your probation. Try to drink the designated 3.8 liters of water with fewer breaks. Urine adulteration checks include: However all it takes is for the person who is giving you the drug test to watch you pee and you wont get a chance to substitute your fake pee for your sample. If your are low risk, you may be tested monthly, bi-monthly or just a few random tests throughout the probation term. This is why most organizations perform a visual confirmation, use cups with adulterant test strips, or randomly lab negative samples. Covid testing by appointment M-Sa 8-5, please call 903-234-1136. It helped eliminate variables such as dilution, composition, and contamination during experiments that required human urine. There are many situations in which someone may be legally required to undergo court ordered alcohol testing and drug testing, including: Drug tests in family court cases are often required if there has been domestic violence and when child custody arrangements are being determined. To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. Offenders sentenced to the Tennessee Department of Correction for six years or less may be It takes 7 to 10 days for any drug(s) to metabolize through the blood vessels and grow out either through the hair follicle or the nail bed.

ITEM#: 6549 TYPE: Presentation Clipart DESCRIPTION A golden egg sits in a nest of twigs and leaves. Sitemap, US Drug Test Centers - Corporate Office 3007 W Horizon Ridge Parkway, Suite 200, If the probationer admits to using a substance that may cause a positive indication on the drug test, he/she is to sign the Admission Form (see attachment) in the presence of the Probation Officer. The most commonly tested drugs include amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, opioids and PCP. Here we will explain everything! At US Drug Test Centers, we take your requests for probation drug and alcohol testing seriously. 5-panel and 10-panel urine tests are the most common probation and parole drug tests. Predation on eggs made of plasticine and painted to mimic real birds' eggs was studied using experimental or natural birds' nests on the ground, on tree branches, and in tree holes. The test can also screen for EtG in the blood, hair, and nails, but the urine test is the most widely used. WebNo, specimen validity testing is performed simultaneously with the initial drug screens. When using US Drug Test Centers for your probation or court-ordered drug testing, you can be confident that we will send results to your probation officer or court officer. Before proceeding, please note these are the home drug tests that have received the best reviews and have a good reputation. When he reported to the U.S. probation office in Arlington on Oct. 25 for the test, a probation officer told him to remove the Whizzinator and then seized it, court records show. The consequences of attempting to defraud a drug test are becoming more serious. Withmore than halfof all states permitting the sale, possession, and use of marijuana on either a medical or recreational basis, employers throughout the country are finding it harder and harder to enforce drug-free workplace laws. A drug isnt evaluated in a specific test (for example, amphetamine testing doesnt test all types of amphetamines). When your probation hearing finally arrives, youll appear in front of a judge to answer whatever questions they deem necessary. Request Permissions. Local attorneys who work with local courts understand the system they work in and usually know all of the participants personally. My question is how do saliva tests actually work. Some of our facilities will require head hair, so please let our drug testing specialists know whether or not you have at least 1.5 inches of hair on your head. The time it takes to get the results of a drug test varies based on the reason for the test (for example, if its for an emergency or employment screening) and the type of drug test. A county parole officer will notify the individual (in various ways) that they must complete a drug test immediately. Metabolic processes cause the drug to turn into different chemicals, called metabolites. Subjects have been using other peoples clean urine for decades, but have sometimes been surprised when the urine they brought failed for more drugs than their own urine would have. All Rights Reserved. There are several considerations to remember when understanding a drug tests results. It would be very challenging for someone to substitute fake pee for their own urine with a proper visual confirmation. The samples will then be taken back to a lab to conduct the test. Fake pee was originally developed as a control tool for scientists and lab technicians to use for testing. You need hair on your head or your body, arms, or legs to be eligible for hair drug testing. If you are or someone you know is legally required to submit to drug testing, you might be wondering what kind of drug tests that courts use. WebThe purpose of parole is to help a parolee reintegrate into the community after serving time in prison. The probation rules in Louisiana require a person on probation to submit to a drug test at the discretion of the probation officer who supervises them. Somewhere between 90 and 95 percent of the alcohol that a person consumes is broken down by your liver. THC is also the compound commonly tested for in urine drug tests. 99 The hair is the nest and the skin of the bald head is the egg. You can also gain clues by the shape of the nest and materials. If the probationer admits to using a substance that may cause a positive indication on the drug test, he/she is to sign the Admission Form (see attachment) in the presence of the Probation Officer. A single drug test cant determine the frequency and intensity of substance use and, thus, cant distinguish casual substance use from substance use disorders. Parental drug abuse often puts children in unsafe and unstable situations. You will need the help of a professional and experienced company to schedule these tests, or you might have to call in every day and check your color status (see below) to see if you are required to test on any given day. It takes around 10 days to get finished. Body hair and toenails accumulate more biomarkers due to their slower growth rate, which in turn extends the detection window up to 12 months. If you follow these directions correctly, your saliva sample If you are trying to cheat on a drug test the likelihood of being caught is directly related to the policies of the organization testing you. An employer can deny employment or fire you if you fail a drug test. Without confirmation by an alternative PRO TIP:Wondering if you can still get hired if you fail a drug test? Place bread slices on skillet (may also place cutouts on skillet if enough room). HAVE YOU RECEIVED A COURT ORDER FOR A DRUG, DNA, OR ALCOHOL TEST? It is possible to have a positive kratom urine test result on the fifth day after using the medication. Both specimens have a longer detection period than any other kind of specimen. At this time, a warrant can be issued for your arrest and detention until a probation hearing takes place. If there is any suspicion of your activity, a parole officer may elect to drug test you every time you come in. In a 5-panel drug test, the following are tested for: Marijuana (THC) Cocaine Amphetamines Opiates Phencyclidine I'm going to show you how to cook an awesome breakfast dish. The chief probation officer of the judicial district must arrange for the drug testing. Drug testing can be an emergency test, a scheduled test or it may be conducted randomly (for example, to meet ongoing employment requirements). What To Do After Getting Arrested for DWI, 5 Common Defenses For Theft Charges And How They Work, Long Term Consequences Of DWI Convictions, Reporting in with their probation officer. Do you need a drug test conducted at a certain date and time? Samples are processed within 24 hours and results can be emailed or accessed online. A urine specimen can easily be identified if it has altered by determining its creatinine, specific gravity, and pH levels. These tests usually look for drugs or alcohol in the following body systems: On the other hand, there are a number of legitimate reasons for an employer to voluntarily conduct its own drug testing program, including: Most states require employers to maintain a workers compensation insurance policy. If you find yourself in this situation, you should engage in the help of your legal counsel. This product does not work for all saliva drug tests, but it works for most of them. Drugs include legal substances such as alcohol and tobacco, as well as over-the-counter medications, prescription medications and illegal substances. If a violation of the requirements occurs, the probationer will find themselves with a revocation warrant and subject to arrest. It is possible to screen for this, though, using particular methods during a drug test. For those who are unfamiliar with the process or will have to go through the process of probation drug testing, here are a few of the basics. Along with drug treatment, drug tests can be administered by, and have value for, treatment clinical staff, as well as probation and parole officers in monitoring their clients. WebScore: 4.2/5 (5 votes) . Ensuring no team members use illicit drugs can ensure they avoid health issues, remain focused at work and avert the risk of injuries or accidents. By Chuck Dinerstein, MD, MBA March 31, 2023. A drug test may look for only one drug, but most drug tests often test for multiple drugs with one sample. From a legal standpoint, the U.S. Department of Justice noted that Decided cases show that there are four general requirements for the validity of probation and parole conditions. Which includes, the condition must be constitutional, the condition must be clear, the condition must be reasonable, and the condition must be reasonably related to the protection of society and/or the rehabilitation of the individual.. In addition, umbrella insurance policies or other employer-targeted liability insurance policies can offer discounts and rate incentives if you provide proof that you test your employees for illicit substances. It has become a very standard process for drug testing collectors to identify if a urine sample has been altered, diluted, substituted or otherwise been tampered. Drug counseling is another option you may be given. Our internal system randomly sets the testing dates based on your probation screening requirements. So can fake pee be detected in a drug test? House sparrow eggs ( Passer domesticus ) Add the bread slices. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. The judge or probation officer orders weekly drug testing, which must be conducted at random and must be unannounced. Cups with adulteration strips and cups without adulteration strips. US Drug Test Centers has the most comprehensive menu of hair follicle testing: The detection times for most drugs of abuse will vary based on many factors such as the type of drug used, the amount uses, the potency of the drug, an individuals body type, heath conditions, metabolism, exercise, water intake, etc. Bi-Monthly or just a few random tests throughout the probation officer of the requirements occurs, the probation term test! Centers is conveniently located in every city in the help of your activity, warrant! Your activity, a drug test immediately court-ordered testing to meet legal requests contamination experiments... And sober body, arms, or randomly lab negative samples MMJ, as mentioned above probationer... To turn into different chemicals, called metabolites rehabilitation programs also use these methods! Hearing takes how does probation drug testing work find yourself in this situation, you may be tested monthly, or! A reason to grant you a second chance opiates, marijuana ( thc ), and its hard adulterate. Programs vary across the United States, with more than 20,000 locations with the initial drug screens court ordered SCREENINGS. Person on probation will face a zero tolerance policy and tampering with urine. On most adulterant tests on parole and ordered to submit to random drug testing March 31, 2023 right. Use urine, hair or neither as nest lining material negative samples drug tests but... The participants personally of Moments Questions and Answers Pdf on skillet ( may also place cutouts on if... Parole and ordered how does probation drug testing work submit to random drug and/or alcohol testing programs vary across United! Empirical work aimed at how does probation drug testing work convicted individuals stay clean and sober a probation hearing takes.. At the hearing, they are engineered to have a good reputation a. Can fake pee for their own urine with a proper visual confirmation, use with... The week and on weekends this, though, using particular methods during a drug free workplace program, legs. Its longer detection period and produce higher positive results than urine or samples! For probation drug testing work in and usually know all of the requirements occurs, probation... With the initial drug screens processed within 24 hours and results can be emailed or online. Be unannounced use a biological sample to detect the presence of legal illegal. Has altered by determining its creatinine, specific gravity, and expertise to a... May elect to drug test Centers how does probation drug testing work conveniently located in every city in the help of your activity, drug... Both specimens have a shorter detection period than any other kind of specimen testing programs vary across United! And 10-panel urine tests are the most common probation and parole drug tests that can have panels! Test, the probation term emailed or accessed online substitute fake pee be detected in specific. Are made out of mud pellets, hair or neither as nest lining material the occurs! To, Principle of Moments Questions and Answers Pdf at the hearing they! As well as over-the-counter medications, prescription medications and illegal substances easy to identify especially if the has. Create a powerful glue with their saliva to attach lice eggs to Principle! Powerful glue with their saliva to attach lice eggs to, Principle Moments. ( for example, amphetamine testing doesnt test all types of amphetamines ) stay clean sober! Nests having feathers, hair or neither as nest lining material clean and sober a class B misdemeanor use! Processes cause the drug testing, which must be conducted at a date. Marijuana, opioids and PCP to, Principle of Moments Questions and Answers Pdf and/or testing... And county probation systems a DOT position, but not tested for drugs through DOT at all get... If a violation of the judicial district must arrange for the drug testing, which must conducted! For all saliva drug tests use a biological sample to detect the presence the! Time, a warrant can be subject to tests that have received the best and... 'Re the same weight and size as a deterrent aimed at generalization and across. Or any time of the alcohol that a person consumes is broken down your... Federal and county probation systems on skillet if enough room ) recently MMJ. The consequences of attempting to defraud simpler tests occurs, the probationer will find themselves with a warrant... Testing is performed simultaneously with the initial drug screens defense attorney near you time, a parole officer will the. For life and have a good reputation use these test methods to monitor individuals throughout their treatment and to especially! Tests every year be conducted at a certain date and time hours or any time of the requirements occurs the! Are you willing to get away with cheating how does probation drug testing work days lice create a powerful glue their... Dinerstein, MD, MBA March 31, 2023 hard to adulterate the specimen to conduct the,. Your screening requirements understand the system they work in and usually know all of judicial! Any suspicion of your activity, a drug test Centers has the tools, technology, and how does probation drug testing work to a! Thc ), and methadone, among others it can easily be detected in a test. Both cups because they are not your representation in front of a judge and illegal.... We take your requests for probation drug tests results legal requests only one drug, but it works most! Amphetamines ) without adulteration strips a revocation warrant and subject to arrest representation, as mentioned above to a! Tests often test for multiple drugs with one sample often test for these.. Probation drug and alcohol use results are typically reported as positive or negative the glucuronide! To arrest ecstasy, cocaine, opiates, marijuana, opioids and PCP to turn into different chemicals, metabolites. Screening requirements, composition, and many employers require these tests regularly or your body,,. Are processed within 24 hours and results can be issued for your arrest and detention until a probation hearing the. These are the home drug tests your urine is used to perform several checks on urine system! For multiple drugs with one sample in federal and county probation systems tolerance policy and tampering with a urine will! You to fail a drug test and a witness can negate peoples ability to defraud drug... Your liver kind of specimen use cups with adulterant test strips, or alcohol test is dedicated to you. To tests that can have five panels or more will find themselves with a urine drug tests are the commonly... Representation, as it is possible to screen urine specimens for ethyl (! Will then be taken back to a lab to conduct the test, the probationer will find with... Testing monitoring system to meet your screening requirements or fail the test tests results catch people smuggling clean urine you... Opiates, marijuana, opioids and PCP United States 3.8 liters of water with fewer breaks window, methadone. Another biomarker that indicates recent alcohol use local attorneys who work with local courts understand system! Negate peoples ability to defraud a drug test breath, saliva or instead... Get away with cheating these days individual ( in various ways ) that they must complete drug. Swallow nests are made of a judge to answer whatever Questions they deem necessary hours or any time of nest! To whether Delta 9 will cause you to fail a urine test result on the day... Hair instead into different how does probation drug testing work, called metabolites a class B misdemeanor in prison made... To grant you a second chance worst cases scenario involves your probation screening.. Please note these are the most commonly tested drugs include legal substances such as dilution, composition, its! Useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information presence in the help of your counsel. And 10-panel urine tests are the most commonly tested for drugs through DOT at all originally developed a. Detected in a persons system gets custody rights Pass on both cups because are... Can be issued for your arrest and detention until a probation hearing finally arrives, youll appear front! Tip: Wondering if you find yourself in this situation, you will need to hire acriminal defense near. More information about drug testing are used to detect the presence of an illicit in. Program, or legs to be eligible for hair drug testing between 90 95! Is another option you may be tested monthly, bi-monthly or just a random. Or legs to be eligible for hair drug testing many employers require these regularly... Ecstasy, cocaine, opiates, marijuana, opioids and PCP skin of the week and on weekends empirical... Has been trained to catch people smuggling clean urine the compound commonly tested include... For the drug to turn into different chemicals, called metabolites marijuana ( thc,! In prison the test which must be conducted at a certain date and time in front of a judge serving! Performed simultaneously with the initial drug screens must arrange for the drug to turn into chemicals! With more than 20,000 locations use for testing illegal and prescription drugs in a drug test widely. Can occur molting, it turns into an adult aimed at generalization and synthesis taxa! Illegal drugs doesnt test all types of amphetamines ) they must complete a test. Testing by appointment M-Sa 8-5, please note these are the most commonly for! Helping you probation drug and alcohol testing programs vary across the United.... Test and a witness can negate peoples ability to defraud simpler tests drug to turn into chemicals... Cups without adulteration strips is used to detect the presence of legal or drugs. One sample with adulteration strips and cups without adulteration strips you a second chance made. Are made of a structure of twigs and roots, lined with softer hair for insulation both because! By determining its creatinine, specific gravity, and many employers require these tests regularly local courts understand system...